Stable isotope and chemical systematics of pseudotachylyte and wall rock, Homestake shear zone, Colorado, USA: Meteoric fluid or rock-buffered conditions during coseismic fusion?

Fluid Inclusion Evidence for a Supercritical Magmatic Fluid, Modified by Wall-rock Interaction and Mixing with Meteoric Waters

Supercritical fluids derived from magmas may have different cooling paths depending on the confining pressures. Shallowly emplaced magmas generate supercritical fluids, which, during cooling form hypersaline fluid and vapor. Supercritical fluid derived from deeper emplaced magmas does not undergo phase separation and the fluids cool below the solvus curve to form a single aqueous-dominated phas...

Rock Stability under Different Fluid Flow Conditions

The effects of rock uplift and rock resistance on river morphology in a subduction zone forearc, Oregon, USA

Relationships between riverbed morphology, concavity, rock type and rock uplift rate are examined to independently unravel the contribution of along-strike variations in lithology and rates of vertical deformation to the topographic relief of the Oregon coastal mountains. Lithologic control on river profile form is reflected by convexities and knickpoints in a number of longitudinal profiles an...

Niche Filtering of Bacteria in Soil and Rock Habitats of the Colorado Plateau Desert, Utah, USA

A common feature of microbial colonization in deserts is biological soil crusts (BSCs), and these comprise a complex community dominated by Cyanobacteria. Rock substrates, particularly sandstone, are also colonized by microbial communities. These are separated by bare sandy soil that also supports microbial colonization. Here we report a high-throughput sequencing study of BSC and cryptoendolit...

Numerical Investigation of Effect of Rock Bolt Angle on Shear Behavior of Rock Bridges

In this work, the effect of rock bolt angle on the shear behavior of Rock Bridges is investigated using the particle flow code in two dimensions (PFC2D) for three different Rock Bridge lengths. Firstly, the calibration of PF2D is performed to reproduce the gypsum sample. Then the numerical models with the dimensions of 100 mm * 100 mm are prepared. The Rock Bridge is created in the middle of th...